Marathi

(Answers must be written in Marathi)

Paper I

Section A: Language and Folk-Lore

Nature and Functions of Language (with reference to Marathi)

• Language as a signifying system: Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poetic language; Standard Language and dialect; Language variations according to social parameters.
• Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century.

Dialects of Marathi

• Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi

Marathi Grammar

• Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice)

Nature and kinds of Folk-lore (with special reference to Marathi)

• Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya

Section B: History of Literature and Literary Criticism

History of Marathi Literature

• From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following: The Mahanubhava writers, the Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar literature.
• From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forms : Poetry, Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literary currents and movements, Romantic, Realist, Modernist, Dalit Gramin, Feminist.

Literary Criticism

• Nature and function of Literature;
• Evaluation of Literature;
• Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism;
• Literature, Culture and Society.

Paper II

The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability.

Section A: Prose

• ‘Smritishala’
• Mahatma Jotiba Phule - "Shetkaryacha Asud; ‘Sarvajanik Satyadharma’
• S.V. Ketkar - ‘Brahmankanya;
• P.K. Atre - ‘Sashtang Namaskar’
• Sharchchandra Muktibodh - ‘Jana Hey Volatu Jethe’
• Uddhav Shelke - ‘Shilan’
• Baburao Bagul - ‘Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti’
• Gouri Deshpande - ‘Ekek Paan Galavaya’
• P.I. Sonkamble - ‘Athavaninche Pakshi’

Section B: Poetry

• ‘Namadevanchi Abhangawani’ - Ed: Inamdar, Relekar, Mirajkar, Modern Book Depot, Pune
• ‘Painjan’ - Ed : M.N. Adwant, Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur
• ‘Damayanti-Swayamvar’ - By Raghunath Pandit
• ‘Balakvinchi Kavita’ - By Balkavi
• ‘Vishakha’ - By Kusumagraj
• ‘Mridgandh’ - By Vinda Karandikar
• ‘Jahirnama’ - By Narayan Surve
• ‘Sandhyakalchya Kavita’ - By Grace
• ‘Ya Sattet Jeev Ramat Nahi’ - By Namdev Dhasal